The heating and cooling processes that happen every day put stress onto rocks in the outer layer, causing the outer layers of the rock to start peeling off in thin sheets. Thermal stress weathering can occur in a desert climate that is hot during the day and cold and night.Rocks expand and contract as they go through heat cycles of hot and cold temperatures, which leads to the formation of cracks. Exposure to extreme temperature fluctuations can cause rocks to weather.
If you've visited a location where temperatures can vary drastically between extreme highs and lows, any cracks you saw in rocks are likely due to physical weathering.
When a wave retreats, the air that was trapped can be released with a powerful force, thus weakening the rock.
The rushing of powerful waves towards cracks found within rocks can trap a layer of air at the bottom of the cracks. This repeated freezing and thawing creates ice wedges, which can cause rocks to break. Water can freeze in these crevices when it is cold, and then melt when the weather is warmer. Many rock surfaces have small crevices on them. When the rocks drop back down they bump into other rocks, and tiny pieces of the rocks can break apart. When the water in a river or stream moves quickly, it can lift up rocks from the bottom of that body of water. Water flowing in a stream into a rock can eventually create a hole in the rock. Rocks often experience physical weathering as a result of exposure to swiftly moving water. When you pick up a rock out of a creek or stream, you are seeing an example of physical weathering, which is also referred to as mechanical weathering.
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